Taxolawgy With Priyanka Tiwari

"Knowledge is Power as Long as it is Shared". Here I'am to share the maximum I can with everyone, right from my experiences, interests, fictions, professional skills, to facts I have explored with time. Will be sharing Income Tax, Company Law, Goods & Service Tax (GST) and Commercial Tax blogs. Learn techniques to do Smart work & stand out of the crowd. Mesmerise your mind & soul with lovely stories. The goal is to inculcate the urge of learning & growth.

Wednesday, November 10, 2021

Introduction to Mutual Funds

Introduction to Mutual Funds

Mutual fund is a hot topic always for people, but due to lucrative returns in the pandemic now everyone wants to understand it. “Mutual funds are subjected to market risk” this phrase surmounts our mind when we think of mutual funds. The reverberance of risk associated with mutual funds acts as a hurdle for investor to take the first step towards Mutual fund investments. This risk factor over-shadows the benefits in lime light. With this blog I’am putting an effort to explain you what is mutual fund in simple language. I will explain you the benefits and cons of mutual funds and types of mutual fund. Here is the simplest guide to mutual funds. So let’s start learning.

What is Mutual Fund ?

Mutual means shared by two or more people. Fund stands for money collected. Mutual Fund is a pool of investment created by the mutual fund trust to be used for investing further in securities, bonds and debts etc. This investment is managed by experienced fund managers for getting maximum benefits in the form of incomes. This benefit or income from the fund, so invested by the Assets Management Company are distributed among the investors in the form of returns.

Why to go for Mutual Funds ?

We do investment in different assets & securities. Investment provides us an additional income and future security. Everyone tries to diversify their investment portfolio which involves investing in securities, shares, bonds and debentures. But if one wants to invest in securities, bonds and debts, they need to do lots of research to avoid loss and have desired returns. This involves a lot of skills and knowledge as well as time to time monitoring is necessary to avoid any uncertainty. Mutual fund Company does the same think on your behalf from the fund invested by you and others. As mutual funds are managed by experts you can relax and concentrate on your work and your funds will keep earning.

Terminologies

In order to understand Mutual Funds better lets understand the few terminologies and abbreviations most used in the mutual funds operation and mechanism.

1. Sponsors – Mutual fund is formed in the form of Trust, established by Sponsors. Sponsors are like regulators of mutual funds. They appoint AMC for the management of Mutual Funds. The very well recognised mutual fund trust is UTI (Unit Trust of India). There may be one sponsor or one sponsor along with other corporates to form a mutual fund trust.

2. AMC – Assets Management Company. This company manages the investment of the investor and invest this fund money in securities and bonds. Mutual fund is been formed by sponsors and they hire AMC’s to handle the investment of investors. AMC do all the work to management the mutual fund like investment, marketing, accounting and other functions. They charge fees for their service from the investors. Example of AMC are SBI Mutual Fund, HDFC Mutual Fund.

3. AUM – Asset under management. It is the total asset which the AMC manage for the mutual fund. The value of the securities, debts and bonds less the liabilities of the mutual fund is its AUM.

4. Fund Manager - AMC allocated proper fund manager for a particular mutual fund to manage and plan its investment and evaluate its performance. Fund manger is the proper person who manages the portfolio of mutual fund scheme. For example – Mr. Prashant Jain is the Fund Manager of HDFC Balanced Advantage Fund.

5. NAV – Net asset value. It is the market value of the securities held by the AMC under the respective scheme of mutual fund. It varies on day to day basis as the market fluctuates. But the NAV is same for a scheme throughout the day, as it is valued at the end of the trading day. For example HDFC Balanced Advantage Fund - Growth Plan - Direct Plan : NAV on 09/11/2021 : ₹ 303.8310.

Benefits of mutual funds

There are varies benefits of mutual funds. This is the reason now a days it the prime choice of investors.

1. Professionally managed – Mutual funds are managed by fund managers. Fund managers are expert in their work and this provides the expert level performances to the mutual fund. Investor doesn’t have to personally get involved in the investment decisions.

2. Tax Saving – ELSS (Equity linked saving scheme) is the type of mutual fund type which qualify for deduction under Sec. 80C of the Income Tax Act. Will discuss this in detail below.

3. Liquidity – Mutual provides you easy entry and exit options. There are open end schemes which provide high liquidity.

4. Generating Income & High Returns - Mutual fund can be used for a generating passive or additional income. Mutual may provide high returns as when the stock market is high the returns on mutual funds are high. Diversification – Investor can diversify his investment portfolio by investing in mutual funds. In place of personally investing in different assets or securities one can invest in mutual fund which has various securities in its scheme structure. Diversification helps to achieve a balanced investment and safe returns in future.

5. Time Saving – A person can concentrate on his main business or profession and side by side invest in mutual funds to get an additional income as Mutual funds are managed by Fund Managers.

6. Easy Accessibility – Now one can very easily invest in mutual funds either directly or through a distributor or discount agent.

If one has its advantage then will have disadvantage as well. Here are the disadvantages or some of the cons of mutual funds.

1. Greed - Mutual Funds are managed by people only and people have a psychological factor of greed. Mutual fund managers tries to get maximum investment from investors because in return of that investment they get fees. Sometimes they even compromise on the level of fund performance to get maximum investment for earning more fees. They do extra manipulative advertisement to entice investors.

2. Risk – “Mutual Funds are subjected to risk”. As they are based on share market securities and share market is volatile. The market goes up and down, the mutual fund returns also go up and down.

3. Investors sentimental effect - Share market is volatile. Its goes up and down from time to time. Many a times a down fall in Share market spread fear in investors and they start withdrawing from the mutual fund their Investments. This in turn makes the fund manager to withdraw or sale the investment of the Mutual fund. This lowers the value of mutual fund as a result the NAV of the mutual fund decreases.

Types of Mutual Funds

There are various types of mutual funds. They are categorised in four broad categories.

I. Mutual fund based on fund scheme

II. Mutual fund based on investment objective

III. Based on asset invested

IV. Special funds

I. Mutual fund based on fund scheme.

There are basically two types of mutual funds based on fund scheme :-

(a) Close ended scheme

(b) Open ended scheme

(a) Close ended scheme

In this mutual fund scheme the maturity period of the mutual fund scheme is fixed. There is a well defined initial issue period within which you can purchase the units of the scheme. Once the issue period is closed, only the already issued units can be purchased or sold. Example - Reliance Close Ended Equity Fund - Series A – Growth, etc.

(b) Open ended scheme

In this mutual fund scheme the maturity period is not define. You can purchase the units of mutual funds at any time and sell it at any time. These are highly liquid Mutual Fund schemes. Example - SBI Small Cap Fund, etc.

II. Mutual fund based on investment objective

Every investor has a different investment objective; this mutual fund is based on the objective of the investor. Some investors want more growth on the other hand some investors want fixed income. There are basically of three types :-

(a) Growth funds

(b) Fixed income fund

(a) Growth funds

These scheme basically target long term growth. They are meant for long term investment. They are highly risk prone because they invest more and more on equities and market securities. Example – Axis Growth Opportunities Fund, etc.

(b) Fixed income fund

These mutual fund schemes provide regular returns for a period of time. They won't provide high returns as they have low risk. Example - Mirae Asset Short Term Fund, etc.

(C)Balanced fund

These mutual fund schemes provide your balance between risk and return. They provide a combination in there investment portfolio of equity and debt to get a stable income. The risk is lower as compared to growth funds but higher as compared to fix income funds. Example - DSP Equity & Bond Fund, etc.

III. Based on asset invested

Here the mutual funds are categorised on the basis of the securities in which they invest. Based on asset invested by mutual fund scheme there are three types of mutual funds :-

(a) Equity fund

(b) Debt fund

(c) Hybrid funds

(a) Equity fund

These funds majorly invest in stock or equities of companies. They can invest in Large cap, Mid Cap or small cap companies. They also invest in bluechip companies as well. They have high risk and provide high return. Example - Axis Small Cap Fund, etc.

(b) Debt fund

These funds invest in debt market security. They provide Low Returns as compared to equity fund. They usually invest in government securities like Government Bonds, debentures, other government securities. Example - Axis Gilt Fund, etc.

(C) Hybrid funds

These Mutual Funds invest in both equity and debt. They create a combination of equity and debt, in some scheme debt portion is more as compared to equity and in some scheme equity portion is more. They are also called balanced fund. They are more risky then debt funds and less risky than equity funds. In the same way they provide more returns as compared to debt funds and less returns as compared to equity funds. Example - Axis Triple Advantage Fund, etc.

III. Special funds

These fund scheme invest in special kinds of asset as per the investment plan or purpose of the Mutual Fund scheme. They can be categorised in four types :-

(a) Index funds

(b) Sectoral funds

(c) Regional Funds

(d) Tax Saving Funds

(a)Index scheme

Index are market benchmark like Nifty 50 or Sensex. Index scheme invest in index stock. They are highly risky. Example - Tata Index Fund Sensex Direct Plan, etc.

(b) Sectoral funds

These mutual funds invest in specific sectors or industrial sector. Like some mutual funds invest in infrastructural companies and some in IT companies etc. Nippon India Pharma fund Direct Growth is a sectoral fund which invest in pharma companies etc.

(c) Regional funds

These mutual funds invest in specific geographical area. They basically invest in companies working or planning to start working in specific geographical area. These funds are mostly popular and operating in foreign countries. Example – Matthews Korea Fund, etc.

(d) Tax Saving Funds

These mutual funds investment are eligible for tax deduction under Section 80 C of the Income Tax Act. In these mutual funds scheme there is a lock in period which starts from three years. These are the most adored mutual fund scheme in India. ELSS (Equity linked saving scheme) are the tax saving funds. Example – JM Tax Gain Fund, etc.

I tried my best to explain you all about mutual funds. This is just the introduction and I will be coming up with specific blogs over it to share with you further details. If you have any comments and queries, feel free to share over the comment box below. The mutual funds mentioned above are just for education purpose and they are not in any manner a advice or recommendation.

Take care and god bless you all.

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Disclaimer :

The above blog is purely for educational and guidance purpose. It's just the reflection of the author's personal experience and judgment. The author has just provided the general information & understanding and its not at all an alternative of any legal advice or practitioner. The content stated in the blog should be used by the reader at his own discretion and sole responsibility. The content of the blog can be only used for any other document, write-up, article, blog and any written or printed material whether on paper or digitally in any form, with the prior permission of the author.

Saturday, October 23, 2021

Flipkart Pay later - benefits, uses and activation

Flipkart Pay later : benefits, uses and activation process

Managing finances is a day to day activity now a day. As the inflation is rising worldwide, people are looking for alternative ways to plan their monthly bill payments. There is limit in everyone’s purchasing power but certain unalarmed needs knock everyone’s door now and then.

Diwali is at its arrival and we are all geared with our shopping list. Diwali is the biggest festival in India. Festival season is something which add lots of gifts to our shopping basket always and deep down in our minds everyone wants festivals to be full of gifts, sweets, new cloths and latest products. But the question is, “How to get the extra money to pay” or "Loan & credit to pay".

Look honestly not all of us have any access to any credit facility like short term loans, credit cards etc. And no want to bear the exhausting, complicated, time taking process of loan approval. Loan approval in itself requires a lot of paper work which is not a cup of tea for a common person like a student or a homemaker. In addition to this, short term loans and credit facilities (like Credit Cards) require paying charges and interests on regular basis.

So here I’am with an easy solution for all these issues. We are all now very much familiar with online shopping and e-commerce platforms. So why not to use these platform facilities to plan our finances. Flipkart is out with a very useful feature of “Flipkart Pay Later”. Its quite old now but still, people are not much aware of it and its benefits.

Flipkart Pay later

Flipkart Pay Later is a kind of credit facility or loan facility offered by flipkart in association with IDFC First Bank, in which you can pay after the purchase of your product. The payment system is basically of two different types i.e. single payment in the subsequent month (Pay Next Month) or EMI payment. Flipkart Pay Later (EMI) is currently available for select products where transaction amount is greater than ₹ 2,500.

This facility can also be used with their partner platforms such as Myntra and 2GUD. Flipkart Pay Later (EMI) is not available on their partner platforms. But my main emphases is over Pay Next Month because it does not charge any interest.

No interest, hidden Charges and processing fee

The best think about Flipkart Pay Later in that it won’t charge you any processing fee and interest for the facility. Flipkart Pay Later (EMI) does incorporate interest element in its EMI (every month installment) but in Pay Next Month there is no interest charged. There is a nominal usage fee of ₹10/- will be added to the customer’s dues if the credit usage for the month is higher than ₹1,000/-.

Benefits

Instant credit upto ₹ 70,000.
Few minutes application processing time.
No documentation i.e. e-KYC ( Electronic Know Your Customer)
Credit for a month without any charge (except ₹ 10) like annual maintenances, service charge, interest charge etc.
Affordable EMI without any loan approval or credit approval process.
Easy adjustment of refunds on cancellations from dues payable.
One bill payment of all purchases made last month or previous months. So individual record keeping.
Any time cancellation or surrender of the facility after payment of all dues.
24*7 customer support.

Penalty

We talked about all the pros, now is the point to discuss the cons. As it is a financial credit or loan so conclusively in case of default, there will some penalty too. Penalty will be charges if you defaulted to pay or failed to pay the due amount or minimum amount due (partial payment). Penalty will be calculated on the outstanding dues (includes outstanding principal amount, interest or late payment panality) as on 5th of each month.

Bill Amount (in ₹) Late Payment Charge Amount (in ₹)

100-500 60

501-1000 125

1001-2000 175

2001-4000 300

4001-5000 410

5000 & Above 600

Minimum amount due is the sum total of "10% of your Pay Later purchases" plus "Convenience fee for the partial payment option" plus "Any rolled over (or unpaid) amount from the previous month(s)" plus "Any late payment charges from the previous month(s)".

Convenience fee is calculated on the amount you carry forward to the next month.

Carry Forward amount to next month

Convenience Fee for Partial Payment

Late Payment Charges for payments after the due date

<= ₹ 500

₹ 60

₹ 60

₹ 501 - ₹ 1000

₹ 60

₹ 125

₹ 1001 - ₹ 2000

₹ 120

₹ 175

₹ 2001 - ₹ 4000

₹ 240

₹ 300

₹ 4001 - ₹ 5000

₹ 330

₹ 410

₹ 5000 & above

₹ 475

₹ 600

Note : all charges are inclusive of all taxes

How to Avail and due payments

One can activate Flipkart Pay Later by Aadhaar OTP-based e-KYC (Electronic Know your client) which is valid only for 12 months from the date of activating your Pay Later account.

For this you have of to visit the Flipkart Pay Later section under 'My Account' and refer to the ‘Pay Later’ section in the Flipkart mobile Application or website.

The due payments are to be done by the 5th of the subsequent month(s).

How to activate

It is a three stage process. First stage is the Pan Activation. Second stage is the Aadhaar OTP-based e-KYC. Last stage is the Bank confirmation.

Step 1 : In the Flipkart App or website. Login and go to Pay Later section under 'My Account' or simply you can search Flipkart Pay Later over the search bar provided in the Flipkart App or website.

Step 2 : Enter your PAN (Permanent Account No). Click on “Activate Now” button.

Step 3 : Verify Aadhaar : Fill in your Aadhaar no and verify by the OTP received in the registered mobile with Aadhaar. Click on “Verify” button.

Step 4 : Fill in the OTP (one time password) in the pop up dialogue box.

Step 5 : Review and submit your application. Check your details, name, address etc.

Step 6 : Verify your Bank account by filing your UPI Id or Bank Details. Click on “Confirm and Submit” button.

Step 7 : Rupee one will be credited in your bank account linked with Aadhaar.

Step 8 : Your eligibility will be checked.

Step 9 : Now your will be informed about your credit limit for Flipkart Pay later (Pay Next Month).

There is also a offer on the first purchase by using Flipkart Pay Later, you can get 15% off subject to the maximum of ₹150/-.

If you want to see the complete process, then you can visit the my youtube link : https://youtu.be/FxYMP4onRek

For Flipkart Pay Later (EMI) your have to check on individual product eligible for it and then proceed. For more details you can visit Flipkart official website and mobile application. I hope this blog helps you out to finance your Diwali shopping plans. I tried best to provide you the best information.